Which term describes the process of designing concrete to achieve the required strength and durability in the most economical manner?

• A. Mix design
• B. Proportioning
• C. Curing
• D. Finishes

Answer: (A)

Mix design is the process of planning a concrete recipe to achieve the required strength and durability while keeping costs down. It starts from target strength and exposure conditions and then selects materials—cement type, aggregates, water, and any admixtures—and determines their proportions and the water‑cement ratio to meet those targets with good workability. Curing is about maintaining proper moisture and temperature after placement to allow strength development, and finishes are surface treatments applied after hardening. Proportioning refers to the relative amounts within the mix, which is a part of mix design, but the overall concept of designing the mix to balance performance and economy is what this term captures.